Clip Art Plasma Atom Clip Art Plasma Cutter Atom
What is Plasma Arc Cut?
And how does it work?
Plasma is divers in Websters as a "collection of charged particles ... containing about equal numbers of positive ions and electrons and exhibiting some properties of a gas merely differing from a gas in being a good conductor of electricity ...". You tin can also think of it as an electrically heated gas stream. I like to call back of it as a condition where all of the electrons from every cantlet are flowing from atom-to-atom, instead of just orbiting. Regardless of what's going on inside a plasma stream, the manner to cut metals with it is pretty straightforward. Take that stream of electricity flowing through a gas, and constrict it through a pocket-size orifice. Now that stream is really dense and moving very fast. The resulting stream can melt and blow through most metals quite easily. That's a plasma torch.
Plasma cutting torches unremarkably utilize a copper nozzle to tuck the gas stream with the arc flowing through information technology. That arc jumps from an electrode in the torch to something else – usually the conductive material existence cutting. That's a 'transferred arc'. There are some systems that use a 'non-transferred' arc where it jumps from the electrode dorsum to the nozzle, but those are not unremarkably used for cutting. So that means that plasma cutting is only used for materials that are conductive, primarily mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum. But lots of other metals and alloys are conductive too, such as copper, brass, titanium, monel, inconel, cast atomic number 26, etc. The problem is that the melting temperature of some of those metals makes them difficult to cut with a proficient quality edge.
The electrode is usually made of copper, but with a metallic insert at the indicate where the arc attaches. That'south because the copper would cook too fast if the arc fastened directly to it. Tungsten makes a great electrode material, so lots of electrodes have a tungsten insert. Some smaller torches use a 'pencil' style electrode made entirely out of tungsten with a sharpened end. The problem with tungsten is that information technology burns up in the presence of Oxygen. So when using Oxygen or compressed air as the cut gas, the insert is made of a material chosen Hafnium. Hafnium lasts a lot longer in the presence of Oxygen, simply it even so wears a little scrap with each showtime of the arc.
So why apply Oxygen in a plasma torch? The same reason you use Oxygen in an acetylene torch – the Oxygen in the plasma stream reacts with mild steel. That is why pure Oxygen is simply used when cutting balmy steel, or 'carbon steel'. That chemical reaction between the Oxygen in the plasma gas and the base metal helps to speed up the cutting process and improve the border quality. But since Oxygen doesn't have the same reaction with Stainless Steel or Aluminum, less expensive gases can be used for those metals, like Nitrogen or compressed air (which is more often than not Nitrogen anyway).
Other specialty gases are sometimes used for other purposes. Argon gas is used when plasma marking (a whole other subject). A mixture of Argon and Hydrogen is often used when cutting thicker Stainless Steel or Aluminum. Some people utilise a mixture of Hydrogen and Nitrogen, or Methane and Nitrogen when cut thinner Stainless Steel. Each mixture has its advantages (improved cut quality) and its disadvantages (cost & handling).
So those are some of the nuts of plasma cut – an arc carried in a stream of gas from an electrode through an orifice and and then into the conductive metal that is being cut. At that place are lots of other considerations that I volition address afterwards, such as swirling gases, kerf, height control, arc starting, shield gas, etc. Merely whether it's manus-held or mounted on a CNC machine, the basics are the aforementioned.
Source: https://www.esabna.com/us/en/education/blog/what-is-plasma-cutting.cfm
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